Tied to these stages is an objective aimed to help complete the task at hand. These questions work brands through each stage of development. The four levels essentially define a brand using these questions (from bottom – 1st rung of pyramid – to top):Ĥ. In fact, you probably already know a lot about some of the steps. Understanding a brand resonance model is simple. The brand resonance model explained in detail I will provide a detailed example a bit later, but first I’ll break down each quadrant of the resonance pyramid. Unlike a linear model, which might suit other goals, a pyramid is best for brand resonance, as the quest isn’t linear and involves steps that involve different development procedures.īy having a visual structure, a brand can aim to achieve different branding objectives for their own unique products and services. Our novel transcutaneous CO(2) application facilitated an O(2) dissociation from Hb in the human body, thus providing evidence of the Bohr effect in vivo.It offers a way for branding planning to take an illustrative effect, giving visual directions to reach important goals. Oxy-Hb concentration significantly decreased while deoxy-Hb concentration significantly increased after transcutaneous CO(2) application. after CO(2) application in the CO(2)-applied group compared to the control group. after CO(2) application, and deoxy-Hb concentration increased significantly 2 min. The NIRS data show the oxy-Hb concentration decreased significantly 4 min. after transcutaneous application of CO(2). The intracellular pH of the triceps surae muscle decreased significantly 10 min. The rat skin experiment showed that CO(2) hydrogel enhanced CO(2) gas permeation through the rat skin.
In addition, oxy- and deoxy-Hb concentrations were measured with near-infrared spectroscopy in the human arm with occulted blood flow to investigate O2 dissociation from Hb caused by transcutaneous application of CO(2). Next, we measured the pH change in the human triceps surae muscle during transcutaneous application of CO(2) using phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((31)P-MRS) in vivo. The validity of the CO(2) hydrogel was confirmed in vitro using a measuring device for transcutaneous CO(2) absorption using rat skin.
We used a novel system for transcutaneous application of CO(2) using pure CO(2) gas, hydrogel, and a plastic adaptor. In this study, we investigate whether the Bohr effect is caused by transcutaneous application of CO2 in human living body. However, there have been no reports investigating the oxygen dissociation of haemoglobin (Hb) during transcutaneous application of CO(2)in vivo. This effect has been explained by an increase in the pressure of O(2) in tissues known as the Bohr effect. Carbon dioxide (CO(2)) therapy refers to the transcutaneous administration of CO(2) for therapeutic purposes.
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